| Abstract |
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Ill-defined and very widely used term which in its most general sense describes any art in which form and color are stressed at the expense, or in the absence of, a representational image. |
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| Acrylic Paint |
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A fast-drying, synthetic, water soluble paint that can be used on most surfaces. Made from color pigments and a synthetic plastic binder, acrylic paint looks like oil and can be used in a variety of painting techniques. |
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| Airbrush |
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Instrument for spraying paint, propelled by compressed air. Invented in 1893, it has been much used by commercial artists, whether for fine lines, large areas, or subtle gradations of color and tone. |
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| Animal style |
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Type of nomad art originating with the Celts in the 7th century BCE in southern Russia and the Caucasus; it was characterized by the predominance of animal motifs (zoo morphs), frequently distorted, ornamenting all kinds of portable objects including metalwork, textiles, wood and bone. |
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| Aquatint |
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is an intaglio printmaking technique, a variant of etching. Intaglio printmaking makes marks on the matrix (in the case of aquatint, a copper or zinc plate) that are capable of holding ink. The inked plate is passed through a printing press together with a sheet of paper, resulting in a transfer of the ink to the paper. This can be repeated a number of times, depending on the particular technique. |
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| Automatism |
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has taken on many forms: the automatic writing and drawing initially (and still to this day) practiced by surrealists can be compared to similar, or Surrealist automatism is different from mediumistic automatism, from which the term was inspired. Ghosts, spirits or the like are not purported to be the source of surrealist automatic messages.perhaps parallel phenomena, such as the non-idiomatic improvisation of free jazz. |
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| Background |
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Scene in painting which provides setting for main figures or design; sometimes used synonymously with ground. |
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| Brush |
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| Implement for applying paint, usually of hog or sable hair set in a wooden handle. |
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| Blind stamp |
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| is a colorless impression that is embossed without ink onto a print. It is a distinguishing mark for the artist or owner. Blind stamps are usually quite unobtrusive, although careful inspection may reveal quite a decorative image. They are occasionally seen on the covers and spines of books, especially older ones. |
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| Canvas |
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| The fabric support used for an oil or acrylic painting, usually made of linen or cotton, stretched tightly and tacked onto a wooden frame. Linen is regarded as superior to heavy cotton in a canvas. |
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| Cityscape |
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| painting or drawing of city scenery. |
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| Composition, of a painting |
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| Composition describes the complete work of art, and in particular the way that all its elements unite in an overall effect. Compositional elements in a painting might include: size of canvas, subject matter, focal points of the picture (if any), color scheme, tonal warmth and contrasts, draughtsman ship, representation and meaning, among others. |
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| Drypoint |
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| is a printmaking technique of the intaglio family, in which an image is incised into a plate (or "matrix") with a hard-pointed "needle" of sharp metal or diamond point. Traditionally the plate was copper, but now acetate, zinc, or plexiglas are also commonly used. Like etching, drypoint is easier for an artist trained in drawing to master than engraving, as the technique of using the needle is closer to using a pencil than the engraver's burin. |
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| Drawing |
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| Refers to the monochrome use of pencil, charcoal, pen, ink, or similar mediums on paper, card or other support, producing line work or a linear quality rather than mass. When used of a painting, it refers more specifically to the artist's method of representing form by these means, rather than by the use of color and paint. |
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| Edition |
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| In printmaking, the total number of prints made and approved by an artist, usually numbered consecutively. Also, a limited number of multiple originals of a single design in any medium. |
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| Embossing |
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| is the process of creating a three-dimensional image or design in paper and other ductile materials. |
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| Etching |
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process in which the design is drawn on a metal plate through a wax ground; the design is cut into the plate with acid, and printed. Also: a print produced by this method.
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| Expressionism |
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| was a cultural movement originating in Germany at the start of the 20th-century as a reaction to positivism and other artistic movements such as naturalism and impressionism. It sought to express the meaning of "being alive" and emotional experience rather than physical reality. It is the tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect; it is a subjective art form. Expressionism is exhibited in many art forms, including:painting, literature, theatre, film, architecture and music. The term often implies emotional angst. In a general sense, painters such as Matthias Gr?newald and El Greco can be called expressionist, though in practice, the term is applied mainly to 20th century works. |
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| Figurative art |
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| synonym for representational art. |
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| Representational art |
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| art that attempts to show objects as they really appear, or at least in some easily recognizable form. |
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| Fauvism |
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| The first of the major avant-garde movements in European 20th century art, Fauvism was characterized by paintings that used intensely vivid, non-naturalistic and exuberant colors. The style was essentially expressionist, and generally featured landscapes in which forms were distorted. The Fauves first exhibited together in 1905 in Paris. They found their name when a critic pointed to a renaissance-like sculpture in the middle of the same gallery as the exhibition and exclaimed derisively 'Donatello au milieu des fauves!' ('Donatello among the wild beasts!'). The name caught on, and was gleefully accepted by the artists themselves. |
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| Hyperrealism |
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| is a genre of painting and sculpture resembling a high resolution photograph. Hyperrealism is a fully-fledged school of art and can be considered as an advancement of Photorealism by the methods used to create the resulting photorealistic paintings or sculptures. The term is primarily applied to an independent art movement and art style in the United States and Europe that has recently developed since the early 2000s.[1] However, many Photorealists are also considered Hyperrealists. |
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| Impressionism |
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| A style of painting that originated in France about 1870. Paintings of casual subjects, executed outdoors, using divided brush strokes to capture the mood of a particular moment as defined by the transitory effects of light and color. The first Impressionist exhibit was held in 1874. |
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| Kinetic art |
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| is art that contains moving parts or depends on motion for its effect. The moving parts are generally powered by wind, a motor or the observer. The term kinetic sculpture refers to a class of art made primarily from the late 1950s through 1960s. Kinetic art was first recorded by the sculptors Naum Gabo and Antoine Pevsner in their Realist Manifesto issued as part of a manifesto of constructivism in 1920 in Moscow. "Bicycle Wheel," of 1913, by Marcel Duchamp, is said to be the first kinetic sculpture. |
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| Kinetic sculpture |
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| designed to move and thus produce optical effects; first made in the 1920s, but most popular from 1960 onward. |
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| Landscape |
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| painting, drawing, or engraving in which the scenery is the principal subject. Also: scenic areas of a painting or drawing. |
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| Marine art |
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| painting or drawing of a sea subject. |
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| Medium |
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| the means or material with which an artist expresses himself. In painting, the medium is the liquid in which pigment is mixed and thinned, e.g. linseed oil. |
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| Mixed Media |
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| the combination of different materials in the same work, sometimes including performance. |
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| Modernism |
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| the theory of modern art that rejects past styles, and promotes contemporary art as the true reflection of the age, hence modernist. |
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| Modern art |
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| Traditionally starts with Impressionism, from about 1874 onwards, until the early post-world war II period. Late Pop-art then ushers in contemporary or post-modern art. |
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| Op art |
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| also known as optical art, is a genre of visual art that makes use of optical illusions. "Optical Art is a method of painting concerning the interaction between illusion and picture plane, between understanding and seeing."[1] Op art works are abstract, with many of the better known pieces made in only black and white. When the viewer looks at them, the impression is given of movement, hidden images, flashing and vibration, patterns, or alternatively, of swelling or warping. |
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| Plastic |
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| used in art to describe anything that can be molded or modeled; the opposite of Glyptic. |
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| Plastic arts |
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| three-dimensional forms of art such as sculpture, pottery, and architecture. |
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| Polymorphic Graphic |
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| is a limited edition piece that incorporates four dimensions - height, width, depth, and time, Using a combination of sculptural and graphic elements |
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| Post-Impressionism |
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| is the term coined by the British artist and art critic Roger Fry in 1910 to describe the development of French art since Manet. Post-Impressionists extended Impressionism while rejecting its limitations: they continued using vivid colors, thick application of paint, distinctive brushstrokes, and real-life subject matter, but they were more inclined to emphasize geometric forms, to distort form for expressive effect, and to use unnatural or arbitrary color. |
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| Postmodernism |
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| (may be abbreviated to pomo in adjective form) literally means 'after the modernist movement'. While "modern" itself refers to something "related to the present", the movement of modernism and the following reaction of postmodernism are defined by a set of perspectives. It is used in critical theory to refer to a point of departure for works of literature, drama, architecture, cinema, journalism and design, as well as in marketing and business and in the interpretation of history, law, culture and religion in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. |
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| Pop art |
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| is an art movement of the twentieth century. Characterized by themes and techniques drawn from popular mass culture, such as advertising, comic books and mundane cultural objects, pop art is widely interpreted as a reaction to the then-dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, as well as an expansion upon them. Pop art, aimed to employ images of popular as opposed to elitist culture in art, emphasizing the banal or kitschy elements of any given culture, most often through the use of irony. It is also associated with the artists' use of mechanical means of reproduction or rendering techniques. |
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| Print |
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| (artist's print) A multiple-original impression made from a plate, stone, wood block, or screen by an artist or made under the artist's supervision. Prints are usually made in editions, with each print numbered and signed by the artist. |
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| Primitivism |
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| is the opinion that life was better or more moral during the early stages of mankind or among primitive peoples (or among children) and has deteriorated with civilization - is a response to the perennial question of whether the development of complex civilization and technology has benefited or harmed mankind. From primitivism springs the romanticized ideal of the Noble savage, as being a more worthy, more noble being than civilized man. |
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| Sculpture |
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| object carved or modeled in wood, stone, etc or cast in metal for an aesthetic, nonfunctional purpose; or the process of producing it; hence sculptor. "Sculptural" is used to describe art (including painting and drawing) that has pronounced three-dimensional qualities. |
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| Seascape |
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| painting or drawing of the sea and shipping. |
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| Serigraphy |
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A stencil method of printmaking in which an image is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. Also called silkscreen process and screen-printing. A serigraph is a print made by this method.
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| Soft-ground |
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| etching is basically the same as hard-ground etching except that the ground contains about one-third grease, which keeps it in a semi hard, or tacky, condition. |
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| Style |
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| A characteristic handling of media and elements of form that gives a work its identity as the product of a particular person, group, art movement, period, or culture. |
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| Still life |
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| one of the major genres of Western art, it describes a type of painting featuring inanimate everyday objects. There are four types: (1) flower pieces, (2) breakfast or banquet pieces, (3) animal pieces, (4) Symbolic Still Life's. |
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| Surrealism |
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| A movement in literature and the visual arts that developed in the mid1920s and remained strong until the mid1940s, growing out of Dada and automatism. Based upon revealing the unconscious mind in dream images, the irrational, and the fantastic, Surrealism took two directions: representational and abstract. Dali's and Magritte's paintings, with their uses of impossible combinations of objects depicted in realistic detail, typify representational Surrealism. Mir? 's paintings, with their use of abstract and fantastic shapes and vaguely defined creatures, are typical of abstract Surrealism. |
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| Terracotta (It ."haked earth") |
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| hard, fired hut unglazed, brownish-red clay used for pottery, sculpture, and building. |
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| Triptych |
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| picture or carving in three parts; a form of polyptych common for altarpieces. |
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| Urban fantasy |
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| is a subset of contemporary fantasy, consisting of novels and stories with supernatural content, set in contemporary, real-world, urban settings-as opposed to 'traditional' fantasy set in wholly imaginary landscapes, even ones containing imaginary cities, or having most of their action take place in them. |
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| Urban realism |
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| A branch of realist writing that attempts to accurately reflect the often harsh facts of modern urban existence. Some works by Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Charles Dickens, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Emile Zola, Abraham Cahan, and Henry Fuller feature urban realism. Modern examples include Claude Brown's Manchild in the Promised Land and Ron Milner's |
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| Watercolor |
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| any type of painting medium which is soluble in water. Watercolors are usually applied with brushes, but several other tools may also employed. The most common painting techniques are known as wet-on-dry and wet-on-wet, plus the dry brush techniques dry-on-dry and dry-on-wet. Watercolors can be removed while still wet, by blotting. When watercolor are made thicker, opaque and mixed with white, it is generally referred to as gouache. Thomas Girtin and JMW Turner were two great pioneers of the art form. |
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